New approaches in managing diabetes through two steps only - Diabetes and life style modification

Diabetics is a metabolic disorder which affects 2.8% of population in 2000 and expected to increase 4.4% in 2030. Numeric figure of this percentage is 366 million that’s means in 2030, 366 million will affected from diabetics mellitus.

 

What is diabetes?

Diabetic is metabolic disorder which is polygenic in nature alike hypertension and coronary heart disease. Estimated 95% of diabetics’ cases are polygenic in nature which means an inherited disorder which are the resultant of combined actions of more than one genes. 

Whereas genetic mutation in one gene referred to as monogenic diabetes and accounts for 1-5% of diabetes cases.

Most of the young age diabetes are monogenic diabetes. In this form beta cells of pancreas are unable to produce insulin, insulin that is responsible for the maintaining blood glucose level. Altering in blood glucose level lead to end organ damage

Types of diabetes?

Type of diabetes depend on its age whereas severity of disease depend upon with level of blood glucose.

Diabetes can be categorized on its age of onset in type 1, type 2, and type 3, neonatal and gestational diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes

It is also known as young age diabetes because it onset is before 30 years or in younger peoples. It is genetically transferred either polygenically or monogenically from parents.

Patients with type 1 diabetes are insulin dependent, by maintaining their blood glucose through insulin shot so it is also known as insulin dependent diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes

It is late onset diabetes symptoms pf diabetes occur in late age i.e. above 30 years of age.

Type 2 diabetic patients are non- Insulin dependent in this type alteration in blood glucose levels are secondary to insulin resistance or insulin deficiency

Type 2 diabetic patients are at more risk than type 1, some of these risk factors are modifiable others are non-modifiable that cannot be modify.

Type 3 diabetes:

Alteration in glucose metabolism in type 3 diabetes are followed by cognitive  impairment and oxidative stress – these symptoms are also  characterized  in Alzheimer disease so it is not wrong to say that possible form of Alzheimer disease is type 3 diabetes mellitus.

Recent studies concluded several other mechanistic link between diabetic type 3 and AD that are metabolite changes and lipids, carbohydrates, protein and brain dysfunction.

Neonatal diabetes

As the name indicated, this type of diabetes occur in neonatal babies that means fix six months of life.

Its prevalence ratio is one in 100000 – 500000 birth. It is monogenic diabetes and misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes.

Gestational diabetes:

Onset of gestational diabetes in pregnancy majorly in late pregnancy or in last of second or starting of third trimester. It is associated with carbohydrate intolerance.

Reasons of gestational diabetes are:

• Mother age 25 or older
• Overweight mother, having BMI 30 or higher
• Previously mother have polycystic ovary
• Mother taking antipsychotic pills, beta blockers for hypertension, glucocorticoid for asthma and other autoimmune disease.
• Mother past disease, facing with diseases that precipitate out diabetes in mother as like glucose intolerance.

How can we prevent diabetes 

Diabetes can be prevent by modification in the lifestyle Either it help in prevention of diabetes or not but surely it delay the onset of diabetes. 

Ways which we follow to delay the onset of diabetes are proper customize diet, lower glucose intake and healthy lifestyle. Also cut off from unhealthy life style like alcohols, poor sleep and smoking because it increase the early onset of diabetes.t

Take high amount of fibers , greenly vegetable and fruits not only decrease the onset of diabetes but also help in lowering the chances of symptoms of pre diabetes. 

Exercise and diabetes? 

How can exercise decrease the chances of diabetes? Basically exercise not only strength your muscles it can also distribute the glucose in blood. 

Circulate the blood throughout the body, buildups your skeletal muscles (skeletal muscle have role in disposal of glucose), increase your self-esteem decrease the chances of heart disease and diabetes. 

Diet and diabetes? 

Diabetes can also be prevented by proper diet and nutritional therapy. 

Nutritional therapy is customize therapy based on the person insulin's level. It prevent the chances of diabetes also lowers the onset of early pre-diabetes symptoms. 

Through proper awareness and programs self-management of should be possible.