PharmaPHILIA - Extracting Concepts Of Medical With Rph FIA

  Reversible state of CNS depression, resulting in loss of response to & perception of External stimuli. Pre-anaesthetics medicines calm the patient , relieve pain & protected against undesirable effects of anaesthetics or surgical procedure STAGES & DEPTH OF ANAESTHESIA 1) Induction=Period of time from onset of Administration to development of surgical  anaesthesia. Propofol produce induction in 30-40sec...For Childern Halothane or  Sevoflurane induce general anaesthesia 2) Maintenance=Sustained surgical anaesthesia 3) Recovery= Time from discontinuation of anaesthesia until consciousness & protective  physiological reflexes. Depth of Anaesthesia= Four stages ...each stage characterized by CNS depression Stage l-Analgesia= Loss of pain sensation Stage ll-Excitement= Dilirium....increase BP...increase risk of Laryngospasm Stage lll-Surgical Anaesthesia= Loss of muscle tone...decrease CNS reflexes  ...Regular respiration Stage IV-Medullary paralys...

Called NEUROLEPTICS/MAJOR TANQUILIZER Schizophrenia delusion,hallucination, thinking or speech disturbance First –Generation Antipsychotics/Conventional/typical/Traditional Antipsychotics Competitive inhibitor of various receptor....Block D2 receptor.. Second-Generation Antipsychotics/Atypical Antipsychotics Have less Extra-Pyramidal effects than First-generation...more Efficacious.. MOA block Dopamine receptor in the Brain..Block Serotonin receptor 5-HT in brain.. Refractory Patients= 20% patients do not responds First & Sec generation drugs. .Clozapine effective but have side effect of Bone marrow suppression & CVS side effect Actions Antipsychotic actions; reduce hallucination & delusions with Schizophrenia(+Vesymptoms).... -Ve symptoms; Anhedolia (not getting pleasure from normal stimuli), Apathy, Impaired attention Extra-Pyramidal Effects  Dystonia (Sustained contraction of muscles), Akathisia (motor restlessness), Tardive Dyskinesia(involuntary movement of tongue,...