PharmaPHILIA - Extracting Concepts Of Medical With Rph FIA

 TOXICOLOGY Toxicity = Inherent capacity of chemical to cause injur...dose & duration dependent Acute toxicity: conversion of Xenobiotics into Nucleophilic specie Chronic toxicity: conversion of Xenobiotics into Electrophilic specie Warfarin is Rodenticide...Malathion Θ AcetylCholinEsterase, Ach toxicity Asbestos is Carcinogenic CCL4: from consumption of Contaminated water...cause Irritation of Eyes & Respiratory Chloroform: Hepaatotoxic, Nephrotoxic Benzene: Hematopoietic toxicity...Agranulocytosis, Leukopenia Toluene: CNS impair Speech, hearing, vision Methanol (Wood Alchol) & Ethylene Glycol: Methanol oxidizes into Formic acid... Ethylene Glycol oxidized into Glycolic, Oxalic, and Glyxolic acid Isopropnol: metabolize into Acetone, then COOH, cause Acedemia Organophosphate & Carbmate= Inseecticides....ΘAcetylCholinesterase Pyrethroids: Insecticide...↑Na+...Convulsion, itching...S.E; Contact Dermatitis, Asthma Rotenone: Insectiside... ΘNAD+ by ↓O2 Lead: C...

 Autocoid  Endogeenous ccompound act on the Tissue from where they formed Histamine, Prostglandin, Serotonin Prostaglandinns Mifepristone, Misoprostol H1-Anti-Histamine(First Generation) Chlorpheniramine, Cyclizine, Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate, Doxepin, Doxylamine, Hdroxyzine, Meclizine, Promethazine H1-Anti-Histamine(2nd Generation) Acrivastine, Cetrizine, Desloratadine, Fexofenadine, Loratadine Drug for Migraine Almotriptan, Eletriptan, Frovatriptan, Naratriptan, Rizatriptan, Sumatriptan, Zolmitriptan Histamine  Chemical messenger, generated in Mast cell...No therapeutic effect but Anti-Histamine have Therapeutic effect... Location Found in Lung, Skin, GIT...Histamine found in Mast cell, Basophil, Insect sting, Venom Synthesis Histidine→Histamine by Decarboxylation...Stored as Histamine complex with Heparin (PolySulfated anion)...Histamine inactivated by Amine oxidase Release  By Cold, Bacterial toxin, Bee Sting, Trauma, Allergies, Anaphylaxis MOA H1, H2, H3, H...

 PROSTAGLANDIN Unsaturated Fatty acids containing 20 carbon, also called “Eicosanoid” Synthesis= Arachidonic acid “20 carbon fatty acid” precursor of PG(Prostaglandin) ... Free Arachidonic acid release from Phospholipid by action of Phospholipase A2 Cyclo-Oxygenase Pathway= PG synthesized through Cyclooxygenase pathway... Cyclooxygenase 1= responsible for Physiologic production of PG ...  Involved in Platelet Aggregation, Gastric Cytoprotection, Homeostasis, Reproduction, Kidney function Cyclooxygenase 2= ↑PG level in Chronic disease & Inflammation...Expressed in Brain, Bone, Kidney....Θ by Glucocorticoid Lipoxygenase Pathway= Lipoxygenase Act on Arachidnic acid to form 5-HPETE, 12-HPETE, 15-HPETE (HydroPeroxyEicosa TetraEnoic Acid)...Leukotriene & Lipoxin produced involved in Asthma Actions of PG= via Gprotein which Activate or Inhibit Adenylyl cyclase...Stimulate Phospholipase C...Activate Sec-Messenger DAG & Inositol Triphosphate PGF2α, TXA2, LeuT involved in P...

  Estrogens Estradiol known as 17-β-Estradiol most imp Estrogen produced in Ovary… principle Estrogen in Postmenopausal women… Estrone have 1/3rd potency of Estradiol… primary circulating Estrogen after Menopause. Estriol, metabolite of Estradiol produced by Placenta... Estrone & Equilin prep used in  HRT (Hormone replacement therapy) PAST PAPER SERIES  Tamoxifene & Raloxifene; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator…nonsteroidal..exert  estrogenic or Antiestrogenic effects… MOA= bind to sex hormone in plasma...diffuse across cell memb...bind to nuclear protein.. Two estrogen receptor α & β…α-receptor is CLASSIC receptor…α-receptor promote Transcription while β- contain REPRESSER domain….result in synthesis of different protein… T.E= used for Contraception& Postmeopausal hormone therapy..prevention of Osteoporosis… S.E= nausea, breast tenderness…. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Toremifene is an orphan drug… MOA= bind to estrogen recepto...