ADRENAL HORMONES - SYNTHESIS FUCNTION AND IMBALANCE OF ADRENAL HORMONE | PHARMACOLOGY REVIEW

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Adrenal gland consist of cortex & medulla....

Medulla secrete Epinephrine...

Cortex secrete Adrenal Corticoids & Adrenal Androgens

adrenal horomone synthesis, adrenal, gland, hormone,


Adrenal Cortex divided into 3 zones; outer, middle, inner

zone1: Zona Glomerulosa secrete mineralocorticoid e.g Aldosterone regulate salt & H2o

Zone2: Zona Fasciculate secrete Glucocorticoid e.g Cortisol involve in stress resistance

Zone3: Zona reticulate secrete Adrenal Androgen e.g Dehydroepiandrosterone

Outer & two inner zone controlled by pituitary ACTH which released in response to Hypothalamus CRH hormone (Corticotropin releasing hormone)

adrenal hormone, their function, synthesis, involve

AdrenoCorticoSteroid

Adrenocorticosteroid binds to specific receptor .....Receptor-hormone complex recruit

co-activator proteins...translocation into nucleus.....attach to gene promoter elements...

transcription factor turn gene on...produce time to time effects

ALSO CHECK THE PAST PAPERS OF TRAINEE PHARMACIST TEST

Glucocorticoid

Distribute throughout the body...receptors found in brain...Cortisol imp hormone...its production is DIURNAL...peak early in the morning

then decline...then small peak late afternoon...Stress level increase secretion.

1) Promote normal metabolism=favor Gluconeogenesis...protein catabolism & Lipolysis Energy production

2) Increase resistance to stress= By raising Glucose level & energy...combat stress....

Vasoconstriction to increaseB.P

3)Alter Blood Cell level in plasma= decrease in Eosinophil, Basophil, Monocyte,

Lymphocyte...increase Hb level, RBCs, Platelets, Leucocytes...decrease Lymphocyte &

Macrphages decrease body‟s ability to fight infection but imp in Leukemia

4) Have Anti-inflammatory action= by inhibiting Lymphocytes, Macrophages, Phospholipaase A2, Cyclo-oxygenase

5) affect on other= inhibit further synthesis of Glucocorticoid & TSH by inhibiting –Ve

feedback.

6) Cortisol level essential for GFR...Increase Gastric & Pepsin production lead to

Ulcer influence mental status & cause bone loss, myopathy.

Mineralocorticoid

Control body‟s Water volume & Electrolyteconc esp.Na+, K+..increased Aldosterone

level cause Alkalosis & Hypokalemia....

HyperAldosteronism treated with Spiranolactone

T.E Of Both Corticosteroid

In Addison disease caused by Adrenal Cortex Insufficiency....Hydrocortisone used

Diagnosis of Cushing‟s Syndrome caused by Hypersecretion of Glucocorticoid...

Dexamethasone used for this Relief of Anti-inflammatory Symptoms....Treatment of Allergies... 

Triamcinolone used

Acceleration of lung maturation in infants diagnosed with Respiratory Distress Syndrome.....Betamethasone or Dexamethasone used

S.E= Osteoporosis by suppressing Ca++ Abs....

Cushing syndrome (fat, puffy face, hair growth, acne, insomnia,) .

Hyperglycemia...Hypokalemia...

Withdrawl= cause Acute adrenal insufficiency....


Inhibitors of Adrenocorticoid Biosynthesis

Ketoconazole= used in Cushing syndrome...inhibit all adrenal & gonadal steroid hormone

Spiranolactone=antagonize Aldosterone & Testosterone synthesis....treat Hyperaldosteronism, Hirsutism in women.

Eplerenone=Aldosterone anatagonist

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