Pituitary and thyroid gland - Drugs acting on pituitary and thyroid

-

 Adrenocorticotropin Hormone ACTH (Coticopropin)

Require for melanin production…used in west syndrome…target organ Adrenal cortex..

Side effects= osteoporosis, peripheral edema, hypokalemia
Thyroid pituitary medicine mechanism of action with adr


Somatotropin (Growth Hormone)

In Anterior pituitary… Secretion of this hormone inhbited by Somatostatin… Acromegaly increase growth due to high GH ... used in Prader-Wili Syndome, AIDS west syndrome,short bowel syndrome…used in Paeds with Closed Epiphyses

Antiaging hormone= called antiaging hormone bcz it increase Lean body mass, bone density, skin thickness, adipose tissue mass decreases…..abuse by some Athletes half life of GH 25min , produce IGF-I(Somatomedin C) produce action like GH

S.E= Pt. develop Diabetes, avoid in pt. with inresed intracranial pressure, Diabetes

Retinopathy, Obese pt. with prader-willi syndrome

Somatostatin (Growth hormone –inhbiting hormone)

Bind to SSTR2 & SSTR5….suppresGH & Thyroid stimulating hormone…found in intestine & pancreas…obtain from Hypothalamus…inhibit insulin, glucagon, gastrin

Octreotide analogue of somatostatin, 

depot form Used in Acromegaly…Pegvisomant also used in this...S.E=flatulence, steatorrhea,gallstone, delayed Gallbladder emptying

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (leuteinizing releasing hormone)

Obtain from hypothalamus…GnRh essentail for releasing FSH & LRH from pituitary…

Leuprolide,Nafarelin, Histrelin, Goserelin are agonist…increase Testosterone...cause bone pain, hot flushes, edema, gynecomastia,…..used in prostate cancer

Gonadotropin: Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (HMG), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

hCG is Placental hormone...all these gonadotropin are interior pituitary…menotropin(HMG) used to treat infertility in man & women...obtain from urine of postmenopausal women…….Urofollitropin is FSH obtain from same

Follitropin alpha & Follitropin beta =from recombinant DNA...sexual maturation in women. hCG for sexual maturation in man…

Prolactin

Interior pituitary...inhibited by Dopamine acting at D2 …increase lactation...Hperprolactinemia with galactorrhea treated with Bromocriptine, Cabergoline

Hormones of Posterior Pituitory

Oxytocin

Used in obstetrics, induce labor pain…cause hypertension, water retention, uterine rupture…less Antidiuretic & presser activity

Vasopressin

Antidiuretic hormone ....bind to V2 receptor... increase Water reabsorption..treat Diabetees insipidus…

Desmopressin is analogue..long acting….but cause seizure in children

Vasopressin contra in epilepsy, asthma, Coronory artery disease…S.E hyponatremia,

Thyroid Hormones

T4 (thyroxine) & T3, Calcitonin …..TSH play imp role in synthesis of T4 & T3…

Hypothyroidism : 

increased TSH…..autoimmune...destruction of

gland..Levothyroxineused for it

Hyperthyroidism : 

TSH level reduced...excessive thyroid hormone including Goiter,Grave disease, adenoma…

Methemizole & PropylThiouracil inhibit T4 & T3 by inhibiting both Oxidation & Condensation


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

AGHA KHAN HOSPITAL PAST PAPER FOR PHARMACIST - IMPORTANT POINTS | SOLVED PAST PAPER

-
Image
RIGHT ASNWERS OF TRAINEE PHARMACIST TEST AKUH 2020   1. Solution 2.Diazepam 3.Unbound.  4.Which hypertensive cannot be given in gout? 5. B - blockers ( propranolol, acebutolol, atenolol) 6. Female mosquito. 7. Imipramine. BECAUSE IT IS TCA 8.Filgrastim used in Neutropenia. 9. Anticholinergic poisoning is treated with? (PHYSOSTIGMINE) 10. Morphine antidote? ( NALOXONE) 11. Benzodiazepine antidote? (FLUMAZENIL) 12. Organophosphate antidote? ( PRALIDOXIMINE & ATROPINE) 13. Anoxaperin antidote? ( PROTAMINE) 14. Para sympathetic system is also called Craniosacral sympathetic system is also called thoracolumbar 15. Vagal nerve is Cholinergic. 16.Detail information. 17.Which is not parenteral route of administration? Oral and chewable. 18 BBB is crossed by drug when Inflamed meningitis.  19. Creatinine clearance is determined through GFR. 20. Clearance and plasma drug concentration  21. Diuretics contraindicated in gout? Right answer : THIAZIDE 22. QRS com...
Read more

AKUH PAST PAPER | INTERVIEW AND SCREENING TEST QUESTIONS FOR TRAINEE PHARMACIST WITH REFERENCE AND ANSWER KEY

-
Image
 OTHER PAST PAPERS OF AKUH Pharmacology   1) ______ is used to prevent H1N1 A)Amentadine B)Oselteamivir C)Acyclovire D)Ganciclovir  2) Competitive alters____ and non-competitive inhibitors alters______. A) Efficacy: Potency  B)Potency: Efficacy  C)Efficacy: efficacy  D) Potency: potency 3) ________ fungal infection is very difficult to irradiate. A) Nail B) Scalp C) Skin D) Mucous membrane            4) A 300 mg dose of a drug is given whose t1/2 is 6 months. What is the amount remaining after 2 years (F=1) (hint: exponential elimination) 5) ______ cream 1% is used in burn. A)cortisole B)clotrimazole C) Silver sulfadiazine D)        c is annnnns 6) _____ is used to treate scabies 7) A person allergic to easter type anesthetic, what would you give? A) Tetracain B) Bupivacain C) Procain D) All 8) Rauwolfia alkaloid is/are: A) Raserpine B) ephedrine C) bromocriptine D) All  9) Which prostaglandin is used i...
Read more

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES - PHARMACEUTICAL PRINCIPLES AND DRUG DOSAGE FORMS

-
Image
  Colligative properties of solutions are properties that depend upon the concentration of solute molecules or ions, but not upon the identity of the solute. Colligative properties include vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure. Lowering the Vapor Pressure: Let's first remind ourselves about what vapor pressure is and what affects it chemically and physically. In a closed container, a liquid will evaporate until an equal amount of molecules are returning to the liquid state as there are escaping into the gas phase. The pressure of the vapor phase above the liquid at this point is called the equilibrium vapor pressure. This vapor pressure is dependent on a number of factors, including the temperature of the system (kinetic energy is required to help the molecules escape into the gas phase), the pressure of the system (high pressure can keep the gas contained in the liquid e.g. a bottle of coke), and also the intermolecular f...
Read more