Anti Protozoal part 2/2

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 Drugs for Trypansomiasis 

Trypansomiasis 

Trypansomiasis is  African sleeping sickness & American sleeping sicknesss caused by Trypanosoma.

African sleeping sickness

 African sleeping sickness caused by T.Bruci Gambiense & T.brucie rhodiense…

initially live in the blood then invade CNS….inflammation of Brain & spinal cord…continuous sleep 

Amrican sleeping sickness= called Chagas disease….By T.cruzi

Malarsoprol Trivalent arsenical… react with Sulfahydryl group of enzyme & various substance… cell death ….Cross CSF...

DOC in T.bruci rhodiense & Meningoencephalitis by T.bruci ghambiense

S.E: 

Hymolytic anemia...

contra in patient with Influenza..

Pentavalent arsenic excrete

Pentamidine Isothionate

Used for Hematologic state…

not penetrate in CSF…

used in Blastomycosis,

Pneumocystis, pneumonia in HIV pt. 

Leishmaniasis

MOA

enter by energy dependent high affinity uptake sys...

bind to DNA,RNA, Protein & interfere with their synthesis

S.E: 

Renal dysfunction, toxicity of β-cell of Pancreas…Aerosol form Nifurtimox

Used for Chagas disease by T.cruzi…. 

Nitro-aromatic compound produce Superoxide & Hydrogen peroxide…toxic to T.cruzi lack catalase….S.E; Peripheral neuropathy

Suramin

For prophylaxis of African Trypansomia….involved in Energy metabolism…

S.E

Photphobia, Palpebral edema (edema of eyelid), Hyperesthesia of hand, feet

Benznidazole

ϴ Protein synthesis...Nitro-imidazole… use prophylaxis for hematopoietic stem cell

transplant recipient infection by T.cruzi

Drugs for Leishminiasis 

Cutaneous, Mucocutaneouus, Visceral (liver, spleen) 

Leishminia….transmitted from animal to human....by the bite of Sandfly

Lifecycle of Leishminia specie

Sandfly transfer Flagellated Promastigote of Protozoa…. 

Phhagocytozed by Macrophages into non-flagellated Mastigote…

multiply, kill the cell

Sodium Stibogluconate

Pentavalent antimonial… reduce to trivalent antimonial…ϴGlycolysis in Phosphofructokinase reaction…

Drugs for Toxoplasmosis

By Toxoplasma gondii…

 transmitted by infected meat…

Sulfasalazine & Pyrimethamine DOC in Toxoplasmosis…

Leucovorin administers to protect Folated deficiency

Drugs for Giardiasis

Giardia limbia cause Giardiasis…

two stages

1.Binucleate Trophozoite with 4 flagella… 

2.Four nucleate Cyst….transmitted from infected water,… 

Trphozoite exist in small intestine…divide by Binary fission

DOC is Metronidazole…tinidazole also used…Nitrozoxamide a nitrothiazole similar to

Aspirin….2 day short-course

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